The American Academy of Dermatology defines melasma as a skin condition that appears as brown patches of discoloration on the face. Usually both sides are affected to include the cheeks, bridge of the nose, upper lip and forehead. The exact cause of melasma is unknown, however it is believed that heredity and hormonal changes can trigger it. This skin condition is more prevalent in females and darker skinned races. Often associated with pregnancy, the discoloration is called chloasma or the “mask of pregnancy”. The hormone fluctuations in pregnancy and birth control pills can trigger an increased production of melanin, the substance that is responsible for color production in the skin. Stimulants that aggravate the condition include sun exposure and skin irritants.
Melasma has no cure. The discolorations may disappear after pregnancy or can be long term and last a lifetime. Treatments are to include sunscreens of at least an SPF 30 or sun-block containing zinc oxide or titanium oxide to shield the area from even incidental exposure. Topical creams, microdermabrasion and lasers are available to decrease or even remove the hyper-pigmentation. A comprehensive approach designed by a dermatologist that includes avoidance of the sun and the use of lightening agents seem to work best. |
